Client: European Research Infrastructure Consortium” (SHARE-ERIC) – Max Planck Institute

Europe’s history, culture, and values are greater than its material wealth. This dichotomy between material and cultural capital has led to two different approaches of the European project: the “technocratic” approach versus a more “political” approach. It turns out that the prevalent technocratic approach increases citizens’ distrust on whether the new leadership will respond to their concerns. The majority, in response, requests strengthening of the European acquis (security, freedom, democracy, growth, social cohesion).

• Economic hardship due to Covid-19 is the primary concern in Balkan countries, with unemployment, poverty, and high prices being the major issues. Education is also highlighted, symbolizing a lack of prospects and mobility. Fear of Covid-19 is pronounced, especially in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Turkey.
• Greeks and Cypriots are more optimistic about their economies, while Turks are pessimistic due to uncertainty post-Erdogan. Greece and Cyprus seek relaxed fiscal policies, contrasting with the rest of the Balkans aiming for fiscal discipline.
• Traditional alliances remain unchanged, defined by religion, ethnicity, or perceived threats. However, the sentiment of “friendship among peoples” has declined, reflecting diminishing European vision and prevailing poverty.
• Alliances with major powers are crucial, with the US and Germany being ideal partners. Russia and China’s attempts at friendship have met with little response, while Germany inspires admiration in most Balkan countries.
• The EU’s dominance in the Balkans is questioned due to pandemic mismanagement, with new alliances forming in the West and Europe returning to Realpolitik.

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